Actualización en el tratamiento del hipoparatiroidismo posquirúrgico / Update on management of postoperative hypoparathyroidism

Introducción y objetivo: El hipoparatiroidismo posquirúrgico es una complicación frecuente de la cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea, con consecuencias significativas sobre la salud y calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una visión actualizada de su prevención, detección precoz y tratamiento.Síntesis: Tras la tiroidectomía y paratiroidectomía puede aparecer hipoparatiroidismo de forma aguda, especialmente en algunos pacientes de alto riesgo. La determinación de la hormona paratiroidea intacta (PTHi) en el postoperatorio temprano es una herramienta útil en el manejo del paciente. Un nivel de PTHi postoperatoria <10-15 pg/ml, combinado con los niveles de calcemia 24 horas después de la cirugía, ofrece el mejor valor predictivo para hipocalcemia aguda. El hipoparatiroidismo permanente se asocia con morbilidad y deterioro de calidad de vida a largo plazo y debería prevenirse cuando sea posible. El tratamiento convencional incluye calcio oral y metabolitos activos de vitamina D. En caso de hipocalcemia severa o sintomática se precisa calcio intravenoso. El tratamiento debe monitorizarse e incluir educación sanitaria del paciente, para evitar amplias desviaciones de la calcemia. Sin embargo, con la terapia convencional mantener un adecuado control puede representar un desafío. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Surgical hypoparathyroidism is a common complication following thyroid and parathyroid surgery. It has significant consequences for health and quality of life. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of its prevention, early detection, and treatment. Synthesis: Acute hypoparathyroidism can occur after thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy, especially in high-risk patients. Measurement of early postoperative intact parathyroid hormone (PTHi) can help guide patient management. A postoperative PTHi < 10-15 pg/ml combined with serum calcium assay testing 24 hours after surgery yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy for predicting acute hypocalcemia. Permanent hypoparathyroidism is associated with long-term morbidity and poor quality of life, and should be prevented whenever possible. Conventional treatment consist of oral calcium and active vitamin D analogs. For more severe or symptomatic hypocalcemia it is necessary intravenous calcium. Treatment require monitoring and patient education to avoid wide swings in serum calcium. However, with standard therapy, maintaining an adequate control often presents a therapeutic challenge. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) replacement can lower the doses of calcium and active vitamin D analogs required, while maintaining serum calcium and phosphate levels within the recommended therapeutic ranges. It may improve bone metabo-lism and quality of life on the long term. Additional data on safety and efficacy are needed. Conclusions: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is common. It requires early diagnosis, pharmacologic intervention and patient education to achieve optimal control and lower the risk of long-term complications. rhPTH seems to be an effective option for those patients who do not stably mantein their calcium in the target range. (AU)

The nutritional status of the elderly patient infected with COVID-19: the forgotten risk factor?

BACKGROUND: Since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in Wuhan, the nutritional status of individuals infected with the virus has not been included in the risk profiles prepared. However, nutritional status, along with other factors, is decisive in the evolution of patients with other infectious diseases. The nutritional status of individuals is considered an indicator of health status. Furthermore, optimal nutritional status transcends the individual, and poor diet in a population can be considered a group risk factor. Evidence exists on the influence that diet has on the immune system and susceptibility to disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of patients older than 65 years who were admitted due to COVID-19 and how this has influenced the evolution of patients. DESIGN: This prospective and observational study was performed in patients with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were collected from the first 24 h of admission. All patients admitted during one month to the wards assigned to COVID-19 infection were included. RESULTS: A total of 83 patients were studied. The statistical study of mortality showed associations with age (p = .005), living in a nursing home (p = .022), a high Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = .039), hypertension (p = .032), comorbidities of dementia (p = .019) and cerebral vascular disease (p = .041), and Barthel Index (p = .010). The analysis of the influence of the nutritional state on mortality revealed a statistical association between malnutrition and mortality in the pooled data analysis (p = .005) and analysis by degrees of malnutrition (p = .27). CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition was a risk factor as powerful as others such as hypertension, age, and different comorbidities. We must evaluate and treat the nutritional status of elderly patients with COVID-19 infection since it directly affects their evolution.

Hipocalcemia autosómica dominante: una nueva mutación / Autosomal dominant hypocalcaemia: a novel mutation

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